How do you prioritize and assign severity to a bug in JIRA?

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In JIRA, prioritizing and assigning severity to a bug involves evaluating its impact and urgency to determine how quickly it should be addressed. Though priority and severity are sometimes used interchangeably, they represent different aspects:

1. Severity (Impact of the bug)

  • Describes how badly the bug affects the application.

  • Typically assigned by testers or QA based on the bug's effect on functionality.

Common severity levels:

  • Critical – Causes system crash or data loss; no workaround.

  • High – Major functionality broken; difficult workaround.

  • Medium – Non-critical feature broken; workaround exists.

  • Low – Minor issue; cosmetic or usability defect.

2. Priority (Urgency to fix)

  • Indicates how soon the bug should be fixed.

  • Usually set by project managers or product owners based on business needs.

Common priority levels:

  • P1 (High) – Fix immediately; blocks release.

  • P2 (Medium) – Fix in the next sprint or release.

  • P3 (Low) – Fix when time permits; not urgent.

Steps in JIRA:

  1. Log the bug with a clear title, steps to reproduce, expected vs. actual results, and screenshots if needed.

  2. Assign Severity based on the technical impact.

  3. Assign Priority based on business goals and deadlines.

  4. Use labels, components, and custom fields if your JIRA project includes specific fields for severity and priority.

In summary, severity reflects the technical impact, while priority reflects the business urgency. Together, they help teams decide which bugs to fix first.

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