How does Selenium automate web application testing?
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Selenium is a popular open-source tool used to automate web application testing across different browsers and platforms. It simulates user interactions with a web application, such as clicking buttons, entering text, or navigating pages, to verify that the application behaves as expected.
Selenium works by using browser drivers (like Chrome Driver or Gecko Driver) that allow it to control browsers programmatically. Test scripts are written in languages like Java, Python, C#, or JavaScript and use Selenium's API to define actions and assertions.
The core component is Selenium WebDriver, which interacts directly with the browser. It locates web elements using selectors like ID, name, CSS, or XPath and performs actions (e.g., click(), send Keys(), get Text()) on them. This mimics how a user would interact with the page.
Selenium can be integrated with testing frameworks such as JUnit, TestNG (Java), or PyTest (Python) for organizing tests and generating reports. It also supports headless browsers for faster, UI-less testing and can be combined with tools like Jenkins for continuous integration.
Selenium Grid enables parallel execution across multiple machines and browsers, making cross-browser and distributed testing efficient.
Overall, Selenium helps ensure web applications are functional, reliable, and compatible across different environments by automating repetitive testing tasks that would be time-consuming to do manually.
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